Its opposite, femininity, stands for a preference for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life. Hofstede masculinity femininity traits andrews university. Hofstede 1994a cited in fellows, 2006 defines culture as the collective. It indicates how masculine or feminine virtues are. Masculinity femininity cultural dimensions cultural organizations. The original theory that hofstede proposed talked of four dimensions, namely power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. The most common dimension used for ordering societies is their degree of economic evolution or modernity. Hofstede s cultural dimensions masculinity and femininity this dimension looks at the extent to which a culture supports a traditional view of masculine and feminine traits. Pdf masculinity and femininity cultural value and service quality. Masculinity versus femininity mas the masculinity side of this dimension represents a preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, and material rewards for success. Masculinity gender roles distinct dominant values in society are achievement and success. Hofstedes cultural dimensions masculinity and femininity. The aim of this paper is to focus on masculinity and femininity as one of culture.
Pdf the work of geert hofstede marks a paradigm shift in our. This dimension focuses on how extent to which a society stress achievement or nurture. The hofstedes cultural dimensions theory was created in 1980 by dutch management researcher geert hofstede. Hofstedes cultural dimensions masculinity and femininity this dimension looks at the extent to which a culture supports a traditional view of masculine and feminine traits. Both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life. An application of hofstedes cultural dimension among. For this reason, we change the original term used by hofstede masculinity femininity for gender. Crosscultural comparison of hofstede s dimensions and decisionmaking style within cee context najla podrug, m. The aim of the study was to determine the dimensions in which cultures vary. A onedimensional ordering of societies from traditional to modern fitted well with the nineteenth and twentiethcentury 3 hofstede. Review hofstede s country ranking for masculinity femininity. Pdf masculinity and femininity as culture in project management. After conducting independent studies in hong kong, hofstede included a fifth dimension, known as longterm vs. Hofstede identified six categories that define culture.
Graduate school of economics and business zagreb j. Masculinityfemininity, longshort term orientation, and. Femininity stands for a society in which social gender roles overlap. For these purposes, masculinity refers to traits associated with assertiveness and femininity refers to traits associated with nurture. Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualismcollectivism. Hofstede s dimensions of national cultures termed masculinity femininity mas and uncertainty avoidance uai hofstede, 2001 are proposed to be of relevance for understanding nationallevel. Masculinity is seen to be the trait which emphasizes ambition, acquisition of wealth, and differentiated gender roles. What happens with company culture when high and low masculine.
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